IGCSE Economics Hazırlık Kursu & Özel Ders

IGCSE Economics konuları

• 1 — The basic economic problem

  The nature of the basic economic problem (scarcity), economic goods ve free goods, Factors of production (land, labour, capital, enterprise), Opportunity cost, Production possibility curve (PPC) diagrams: kaymalar, eğri üzerindeki hareketler ve opportunity cost gösterimi.

  Sınavda yeri: Tüm sınav kurullarında temel konu; structured ve diagram soruları.

• 2 — The allocation of resources

  The role of markets in allocating resources, Demand, Supply (belirleyiciler, kaymalar ve eğri üzerindeki hareketler), Price determination ve Price changes, Price elasticity of demand (PED), Price elasticity of supply (PES), Market economic system, Market failure (externalities, public goods, merit goods, demerit goods, monopoly) ve Mixed economic system (maximum and minimum prices, indirect taxation, subsidies, regulation, privatisation, nationalisation).

  Sınavda yeri: Diagram çizimi ve PED/PES hesabı bu konudan gelir.

• 3 — Microeconomic decision-makers

  Money and banking (central bank ve commercial banks), Households (spending, saving, borrowing), Workers (wage determination, trade unions, specialisation, national minimum wage), Firms (sectors, small and large firms, mergers, economies and diseconomies of scale), Firms and production, Firms' costs, revenue and objectives, Types of markets (competitive markets ve monopoly).

  Sınavda yeri: Average total cost (ATC) diagram'ı ve wage determination soruları bu konudan gelir.

• 4 — Government and the macroeconomy

  Government macroeconomic intervention: altı macroeconomic aim (economic growth, full employment/low unemployment, stable prices/low inflation, balance of payments stability, redistribution of income, environmental sustainability) ve aralarındaki çatışmalar. Fiscal policy, Monetary policy, Supply-side policy, Economic growth (recession dahil), Employment and unemployment (frictional, structural, cyclical, seasonal), Inflation (Consumer Prices Index, demand-pull, cost-push).

  Sınavda yeri: Paper 2 Section B'deki part (d) soruları, iki tarafı tartışan gerekçeli bir değerlendirme ister; policy etkinliği bu tür sorulara uygundur.

• 5 — Economic development

  Living standards (real GDP per head, Human Development Index (HDI) ve sınırlılıkları), Poverty (absolute ve relative poverty, nedenleri, yoksulluğu azaltma ve redistribution politikaları), Population (birth rate, death rate, net migration, optimum population, the effects of changes in the size and structure of populations), Differences in economic development between countries.

  Sınavda yeri: Paper 2 Section A'daki zorunlu soru, gerçek bir ekonomik durum hakkında daha önce görülmemiş bilgi ve veriye dayanır.

• 6 — International trade and globalisation

  Specialisation and free trade, Globalisation and trade restrictions (tariffs, import quotas, subsidies, embargoes; multinational companies), Foreign exchange rates (floating exchange rate, appreciation, depreciation), Current account of the balance of payments.

  Sınavda yeri: Tüm sınav kurullarında structured soru ve tartışma kaynağı.